NOAD, NOADM, and IPA
NOAD | NOADM | IPA/English | Sound Names | Sound Hints | Reference Words | Entry # |
|ē| | |ee| | /iː/ | 閉前 | 1F (close front), ㄧ | feel |fēl| |feel| /fiːl/ | 1.1.1.0 |
|o͞o| | |oo| | /uː/ | 閉後圓唇 | 1BR (close back rounded), ㄨ | brew |bro͞o| |broo| /bɹuː/ | 1.1.3.1 |
|i| | |i| | /ɪ/ (small-capital-i) | 次閉前 | 2F' (near-close near-front) | ping |piNG| |ping| /pɪŋ/ | 1.2.1.0 |
|o͝o| (breve |breev| 短音符) | |uu| | /ʊ/ (upsilon |'yoop.sE''lAn|) | 次閉後圓唇 | 2B'R (near-close near-back) | hook |ho͝ok| |huuk| /hʊk/ | 1.2.3.1 |
|ā| (macron |'ma.krAn| 長音符) | |aa| | /eɪ/ | 半閉前－次閉前 | 3-2F (mid-close), ㄝ~ | cake |kāk| |kaak| /keɪk/ | 1.3.1.0 |
|ō| | |oh| | /oʊ/ | 半閉後圓唇－次閉後圓唇 | 3-2BR | hope |hōp| |hohp| /hoʊp/ | 1.3.3.1 |
|ər| | |Er| |uhr| |ur| | /ər/ /ɜːr/ (reversed-open-e) | 中央－ 半開央－ | 4C- (mid central), note the /r/ is not pronounced unless followed by a vowel in non-rhotic accents like RP [ref]. 5C- (mid-open), note that it reads as /ər/ in rhotic North American English [ref] and reads as /əː/ in Received Pronunciation [ref]. | user |ˈyo͞ozər| |'yoozEr| /ˈjuzɚ/ nurse |nərs| |nurs| /nɝs/ | 1.4.2.0.1 |
|ə| | |E| |uh| |u| | /ə/ (schwa |shwA|) /ʌ/ (turned-v) | 中央 半開後 | 4C 5B | about |əˈbout| |E'bout| /əˈ baʊt/ up |əp| |up| /ʌp/ | 1.4.2.0.2 |
|e| | |e| | /ɛ/ (open-e) | 半開前 | 5F | ref |ref| |ref| /ɹɛf/ | 1.5.1.0 |
|ô| (circumflex |'sur.kEm''fleks| 揚抑符號) | |O| |aw| | /ɔː/ (open-o) | 半開後圓唇 | 5BR, note the cot–caught merger | ball |bôl| |bOl| /bɔːl/ | 1.5.3.1 |
|oi| | |oi| | /ɔɪ/ | 半開後圓唇－次閉前 | 5BR-2F | noise |noiz| |noiz| /nɔɪz/ | 1.5.3.1 |
|a| | |a| | /æ/ (ae) | 次開前 | 6F (near-open) | cat |kat| |kat| /kæt/ | 1.6.1.0 |
|ī| | |ii| | /aɪ/ | 開前－次閉前 | 7-2F (open), ㄚ~ | hi |hī| |hii| /ˈhaɪ/ | 1.7.1.0.1 |
|ou| | |ou| | /aʊ/ | 開前－次閉後圓唇 | 7F-2BR, ㄚ~ | ouch |ouCH| |ouch| /ˈaʊtʃ/ | 1.7.1.0.2 |
|ä| (diaeresis |dii'e.rE.sis| 分音符) | |A| |ah| | /ɑː/ (alpha) /ɒ/ (turned-alpha) | 開後不圓唇元音 開後圓唇 | 7B, note the cot–caught merger 7BR, " | not |nät| |nAt| /nɑt/ | 1.7.3.0 |
|yo͞o| | |yoo| | /juː/ | －閉後圓唇 | -1BR | you |yo͞o| |yoo| /ju/ | 2.1.3.1 |
|i(ə)r| | |i(E)r| | /ɪər/ | 次閉前－ | 2F-, note the /r/ may not be pronounced in non-rhotic accents | | 2.2.1.0 |
|o͝or| | |uur| | /ʊər/ | 次閉後圓唇－ | 2BR-, " | | 2.2.3.1 |
|e(ə)r| | |e(E)r| | /ɛər/ | 半開前－ | 5F-, " | | 2.5.1.0 |
|ôr| | |Or| |awr| | /ɔːr/ | 半開後圓唇－ | 5BR-, " | | 2.5.3.1 |
|är| | |Ar| |ahr| | /ɑːr/ | 開後－ | 7B-, " | | 2.7.3.0 |
NOAD | NOADM | IPA/English | Sound Name | Sound Hints | Reference Word | Entry # |
|m| | |m| | | 雙唇鼻音 | 濁・ㄇ | | 3.1.1 |
|n| | |n| | | 齒齦鼻音 | 濁・ㄋ | | 3.1.4 |
|ɴɢ| | |ng| | /ŋ/ (eng) | 軟顎鼻音 | 濁・舌根抵住軟顎 | ping |piNG| |ping| /pɪŋ/ | 3.1.7 |
|p| | |p| | | 清雙唇塞音 | ㄅ | | 3.2.1.0 |
|b| | |b| | | 濁雙唇塞音 | | | 3.2.1.1 |
|t| | |t| | | 清齒齦塞音 | 舌尖抵住上齒齦脊・ㄉ | | 3.2.4.0 |
|d| | |d| | | 濁齒齦塞音 | | | 3.2.4.1 |
|k| | |k| |c| | | 清軟顎塞音 | 舌根抵住軟顎・ㄍ | | 3.2.7.0 |
|ɡ| (script g) | |g| | /ɡ/ | 濁軟顎塞音 | | | 3.2.7.1 |
|s| | |s| | /s/ | 清齒齦擦音 | 有噝．引導氣流通過一個由舌尖接近上齒齦脊構成的溝和牙齒及齒尖・ㄙ | | 3.3.4.0 |
|z| | |z| | | 濁齒齦擦音 | 有噝 | | 3.3.4.1 |
|sʜ| | |sh| | /ʃ/ (esh |esh|) | 清顎齦擦音 | 有噝．引導氣流通過一個由舌頭接近齒齦脊後方構成的溝和牙齒及齒尖・舌頭的前部在齒齦脊的後方，而舌頭的中部則在硬腭處成圓頂狀 | ship |SHip| |ship| /ʃɪp/ | 3.3.5.0 |
|ᴢʜ| | |zh| | /ʒ/ (ezh) | 濁顎齦擦音 | 有噝 | vision |ˈviZHən| |'vizhEn| /ˈvɪ.ʒ(ə)n/ | 3.3.5.1 |
|f| | |f| | | 清唇齒擦音 | 無噝・ㄈ | | 3.4.2.0 |
|v| | |v| | | 濁唇齒擦音 | 無噝 | | 3.4.2.1 |
|ᴛʜ| | |th| | /θ/ (theta |'thee.tE|) | 清齒擦音 | 無噝．舌頭與上牙、下牙或同時與兩者接觸．不咬住 | thin |THin| |thin| /ˈθɪn/ | 3.4.3.0 |
|ᴛ͟ʜ| | |dh| | /ð/ (eth |edh|) | 濁齒擦音 | 無噝 | this |T͟His| |dhis| /ðɪs/ | 3.4.3.1 |
|ᴋʜ| | |kh| | /x/ | 清軟顎擦音 | 無噝・ㄏ | 好 /xau3/ | 3.4.7 |
|r| | |r| | | 齒齦近音 | 濁．舌尖抵住上齒齦脊 | round |round| |round| /ˈɹaʊnd/ | 3.5.4.1.0 |
|l| | |l| | | 齒齦邊近音 | 濁．舌尖抵住上齒齦脊．氣流從舌兩側流過・ㄌ | loop |lo͞op| |loop| /luːp/ | 3.5.4.1.1 |
|y| | |y| | /j/ | 硬顎近音 | 濁・舌頭中間或背部升至硬顎・英文中唯一的硬顎音 | yes |yes| |yes| /jɛs/ | 3.5.6 |
|w| | |w| | | 濁圓唇軟顎近音 | 舌面後部向軟顎抬起 | water |ˈwädər| |'wAtEr| [ˈwɑɾɚ] | 3.5.7 |