An oscilloscope, previously called an oscillograph and informally known as a scope or o-scope, CRO(for cathode-ray oscilloscope), or DSO(for the more modern digital storage oscilloscope), is a type of electronic test instrument that allows observation of varying signal voltages, usually as a two-dimensional plot of one or more signals as a function of time. Other signals(such as sound or vibration) can be converted to voltages and displayed.
Absolute film is a film movement begun by a group of visionary artists in Germany in the 1920s: Hans Richter, Walter Ruttmann, Oskar Fischinger and the Swede Viking Eggeling.
Graphical sound or drawn sound(Fr.son dessiné, Ger. graphische Tonerzeugung,; It. suono disegnato) is a sound recording created from images drawn directly onto film or paper that were then played back using a sound system. There are several different techniques depending on the technology employed, but all are a consequence of the sound-on-film technology and based on the creation of artificial optical polyphonic sound tracks on transparent film.
Jules Antoine Lissajous
ジュール・アントワーヌ・リサジュー(1822-1880)
リサジュー曲線 (1855)
Lissajous curve examples
Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville
Phonautograph(1857)
Karl Ferdinand Braun
Oscilloscope / CRT(Cathode Ray Tube)(1887)
Abstract film and Drawn sound(Graphical Sound)
Walther Ruttmann “Lichtspeil Oplus”(1921)
Hans Richter “Rhythm 23” (1923)
Arseny Avraamov(Composer)